BBC

The complement of a set

The complement of set B, B’, contains all the elements that are not in set B. \(P’\) is the complement of set \(P\). The intersection of one set and the complement of another set identifies elements ...
Investopedia

Conditional Probability: Formula and Real-Life Examples

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...
Investopedia

Empirical Probability: What It Is and How It Works

Clay Halton was a Business Editor at Investopedia and has been working in the finance publishing field for more than five years. He also writes and edits personal finance content, with a focus on ...
Scientific American

What is Bayes's theorem, and how can it be used to assign probabilities to questions such as the existence of God? What scientific value does it have?

Chris Wiggins, an associate professor of applied mathematics at Columbia University, offers this explanation. A patient goes to see a doctor. The doctor performs a test with 99 percent ...
Scientific American

Probability Probably Doesn’t Exist

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...